Crates and cases are both used across industries for storage, handling, and protection of goods. While they might look similar at first glance, the design and function of each are quite different. Some jobs call for open structures; others require full enclosure. Choosing the right option depends on the type of product, how it’s handled, and the level of protection needed.
What is a case?
A case is a solid, fully enclosed container typically made from timber, plywood, or metal. It protects contents from moisture, dust, and impact. Cases are used for goods that need full coverage, especially during storage, handling, or long-term packing. They’re also suitable for export, especially when compliance with ISPM 15 standards is required. A wooden case is ideal for delicate machinery, electronics, or anything requiring extra protection.
What is a crate?
A crate is a frame-style or slatted box used when a full enclosure isn’t needed. It’s strong, allows air circulation, and is easy to inspect without unpacking. Crates are commonly used in manufacturing, mining, and heavy transport, especially for large or oddly shaped items. They’re ideal for goods that aren’t fragile but still need to be secured for storage, handling, or freight. Crates are durable, reusable, and simple to load or unload using forklifts or cranes.
When to use a case instead of a crate
A case is the preferred choice when goods require complete enclosure and higher protection levels. Its solid construction makes it ideal for fragile, valuable, or sensitive items, especially during export or long-term storage.
Key Advantages of Using a Case:
- Sealed Protection - Fully enclosed design guards against dust, moisture, and environmental damage.
- Impact Resistance - Rigid structure absorbs shocks and prevents damage during handling or transit.
- Export Compliance - Suitable for international shipping with ISPM 15-certified wood, meeting global phytosanitary standards.
When a crate is the better choice
A crate is the ideal solution when full enclosure isn’t required, but strength and support are still essential. Its open or slatted design provides flexibility and functionality for a wide range of industrial applications.
Key Advantages of Using a Crate:
- Ventilation and Visibility - The slatted structure allows airflow, prevents moisture buildup, and enables quick visual inspection without unpacking.
- Easier Handling - Exposed framework provides accessible lift points, making crates simpler to move with forklifts or cranes.
- Cost Efficiency - Uses less material than a fully enclosed case, offering a more economical option when full protection isn't necessary.
Choosing the right material for your case or crate
The material you choose impacts durability, cost, and how well your packaging performs. Each material suits different handling, storage, and protection needs. From timber to plastic, each option has strengths depending on the load, handling method, and export requirements.
Design considerations that affect choice
Choosing the right case or crate isn’t just about materials, it also depends on how the item will be used, moved, and stored. Several key design factors determine which option best suits your packaging needs.
Protection needs
If the contents are fragile, sensitive to dust or moisture, or high in value, go for a fully enclosed case. A wooden case provides strong external protection and can be lined for extra cushioning. Crates are better for tougher goods that don’t need sealing.
Load weight and size
Heavy or oversized items often need custom-built support. A crate is often more suitable for larger loads thanks to its open-frame design. Cases are more practical for smaller or mid-sized items that need full protection. Timber and plywood can be scaled to suit both. When placing an order, it’s important to specify whether your measurements are based on the internal or external dimensions. Otherwise, you may find the crate does not fit your product if it was built according to the wrong measurement type.
Handling method
Think about how the item will be moved. Will it be lifted by forklift, crane, or by hand? Crates with built-in access points or skids make handling large items easier. Cases can be reinforced for stacking or heavy lifting but may require more space and equipment.
Transport method
Your choice will also depend on how the goods are being transported. Long-distance freight, especially international, may require ISPM 15 certified timber and full enclosure. Cases are preferred for export. For local moves or warehouse transfers, crates or cardboard may be more efficient and cost-effective.
Common uses for cases and crates by industry
Cases and crates play a vital role in industrial packaging, offering tailored protection and handling efficiency for a wide range of goods. The choice between a case or a crate typically depends on the nature of the item, handling method, and transportation conditions. Below are some common industry applications highlighting how these packaging solutions are used:
- Mining and Machinery. Timber crates and cases are used to pack heavy parts and equipment. Crates allow forklift access, while cases protect against corrosion and impact during tough handling.
- Fragile or Oversized Goods. Wooden cases secure delicate items like electronics with full enclosure. Crates are better for bulky goods that don’t need sealing.
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Retail and Warehousing. Plastic crates and cardboard boxes are commonly used for fast, repeat handling in retail and warehouse environments. They are lightweight, stackable, and ideal for internal movement and storage. In the fruit industry, plastic crates are preferred for their ventilation and reusability, making them suitable for harvesting, transporting, and displaying fresh produce.
ISPM 15 Compliance, Reusability, and Sustainability of Wooden Packaging
When it comes to international shipping, both wooden cases and wooden crates must comply with ISPM 15 (International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures No. 15). This global regulation was developed to prevent the spread of pests and diseases through untreated wood packaging.
ISPM 15 Requirements Include:
- Heat Treatment (HT) or Methyl Bromide Fumigation (MB) of all solid wood components.
- Application of the ISPM 15 certification stamp, clearly marking the packaging as compliant.
- Use of debarked wood to minimise pest habitat.
Failure to comply with these standards can result in shipment delays, fines, or rejection at international borders.
Frequently asked questions
Do export crates always need to meet ISPM 15 standards?
Yes, if you’re exporting with timber packaging, it must comply with ISPM 15 regulations. This includes heat-treated wood to prevent pests and diseases. Most countries require certification, so using compliant wooden crates or cases is essential for international shipping.
Can cases and crates be reused for multiple shipments?
Yes, many cases and crates are designed for reuse. Timber, plastic, and metal options offer durability over repeated use. Just ensure the structure remains solid and meets any compliance standards if you're exporting again.
Do crates or cases affect shipping costs?
They can. Cases tend to be heavier and may cost more in freight. Crates, especially slatted or open-frame styles, are lighter and may reduce weight-based charges. But the best choice depends on the product, underpacking can lead to damage, which costs more in the long run.